Sales tax and income tax are some of the most common types of taxes that people come across early on. However, these are definitely not the only types of taxes that you will end up paying, even if they are some of the easiest to understand.
Generally, you will end up paying taxes on a few things. First, you will need to pay taxes on anything you earn or make - even if you are not getting the money directly through your job. For instance, if you go to a casino and win a large amount of money, you'll have to fill out a tax form before the casino is allowed to let you cash out. If you invest in the stock market, you'll have to pay capital gains taxes when you sell your shares.
Taxes are also applied to property that you may own, as well as excise taxes.
Excise taxes are the taxes you pay on cigarettes, alcohol, and gas. In some cases this is due to these substances being somewhat restricted, in other cases it is related to how difficult it might be to import what you are buying.
After a year of work, you'll need to pay or file your taxes. This depends on the type of job you have and whether or not you've been paying taxes all along. Chances are, if you work for a major company, your federal income taxes are taken out of your paycheck before you even get it. In this case, you will only need to file your taxes during the first few months of the year after you earned the money. If you did not work for a company that takes your taxes out of your paycheck, then you'll probably end up owing money for your taxes.
There is an exception to this, however. First of all, if you did not make over a certain amount of money during the year (this amount varies depending on your living situation), then you do not owe any taxes. You will still need to file, but any money that was spent on taxes during the previous year will be sent back to you.
You can also deduct certain expenses, including money that you spend on equipment for your own business if you have one.