The essential calculations in a budget are income and expenditure. The purpose of a budget is to ensure that the expenses do not exceed the income and also provide for savings for the future.

A budget needs to be documented in the form of a chart or table. This needs to be easily comprehensible and provide a quick summing up of the relevant details. The chart needs to effectively reflect the different heads of expenditure. Suggested heads are housing and utilities, entertainment, health and beauty, transportation, communication and household. These can be further subdivided as follows:

Housing and utilities

- Mortgage payment or rent

- Insurance

- Taxes and electricity

- Natural gas

- Water and garbage pick up

Entertainment

- Cable television or satellite service

- Internet access

- Dining out

- Bars clubs

- Sporting events, parties, lessons and recitals

Health and Beauty

- Hair-cuts, perms etc.

- Make-up

- Medical, dental, vision, weight loss, diet products

- Nutritional supplements

Transportation

- Car payments, insurance

- Gas

- Routine maintenance, repairs

- Air travel

- Rental cars, public transportation

Communication

- Telephone

- Cellular phone

- Voice mail

Household

- Groceries

- Cleaning supplies

- Laundry, dry cleaning

- Home improvement

Projects, towels, linens

Others

- Credit card payments

- Other loan payments

- Child care, items for baby/elderly

- Allowances for children, book clubs, magazines, music, etc., fast food

- Investments, vacation, spending money, donations to church or charity

- Gifts (Christmas, birthdays, anniversary, etc.)

- Emergency fund

- Cigarettes.

If you have any other expenses that are not covered, you could add them to the list.

Next, try to reflect all expenses on a monthly calculation. For example, if you pay yearly taxes, calculate the monthly expense by dividing the yearly amount by twelve. Having done this, add up all the figures to arrive at the total monthly expense figure. Then subtract this amount from your take home salary amount. If you find the remainder in negative, you need to look for expenses where you ought to cut down. For example, if your take home salary is $1000 and your expenses total to $1150, you would need to trim down $150 each month, from the expenses.

If you need to cut down on your expenses, you would be the best judge to decide where to make the changes. However, it would be prudent to cut back on the extra subscription channels of the television. If you are smoker, cut down on smoking instead. Take home cooked lunch to office instead of eating fast food. Economize on power consumption by avoiding unnecessary use of the air conditioner and heating and make less use of the phone.

Creating a budget is absolutely necessary to manage your finances and is not dependent on the size of your income. It helps to prevent overspending and personal bankruptcy, allowing you keep track of your income and expenditure.