The exact causes of ADHD are not know yet. It is known that ADHD is connected to the brain's neurotransmitters. Chemicals that the brain uses are called neurotransmitters. Two of these chemicals are called dopamine and norepinephrine.

When a child's dopamine and norepinephrine levels are abnormal, they have ADHD. These abnormal levels can be caused by both environmental and biological factors.

ADHD is linked with these possible causes:prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke, whether by the mother or surrounding smokers, premature birth, lead poisoning, a mother using drugs and alcohol, malnutrition, low iron or high blood lead in early development stages. Another cause that is not common is brain trauma or severe brain infection.

ADHD can be treated with medication that controls symptoms. The most common medications are methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta), dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine), pemoline (Cylert), atomoxetine (Strattera) and Adderall- which a combination drug. The effects of these drugs are seen in the patient's increased attention and focus or concentration. A decrease in impulsive or hyperactive behavior can also be seen. These drugs should only be used with doctor's advice and recommendation.

Most parents want to know how they can help their child. ADHD children crave structured environments and need to know what is expected of them. Having the teachers, parents and doctors all working toward a common goal will greatly increase the effectiveness of a treatment plan. Talking with and ADHD specialist will also benefit the family. Counseling is also a good partner to medication for a lot of children. The key is to keeping lines of communication with your doctor open and well used.