Back pain may be due to obesity, osteoarthritis, muscular and disc problems or nerve problems. It is mostly due to overstrain given to the back muscles. In many cases, acute low back pain can be cured by mild medications, exercises or physical therapy. In the diagnosis and management of acute low back pain, there are many factors to be considered such as the possibilities of infections, tumors, and rheumatic as well as neurological disorders in the patient. An assessment of all the social and psychological factors of the patient, age, hereditary factors and other details must be done. A careful examination of the symptoms and the intensity of pain, and how it affects the patient’s day-to-day life activities are also vital. A comprehensive neurological examination will help evaluate the power of sensation and the reflexes shown by the patient. During physical examination, the physician must also evaluate the spinal functions and the flexibility of the joints and muscles of the patient and medications are to be provided based on the findings so as to reduce the intensity of acute low back pain. Periodic evaluations and reviews are to be conducted for effective diagnosis and management of acute low back pain.For the diagnosis and management of acute low back pain, complete evaluation can be done through blood tests, radiographic assessment, bone scan, MRI scan and CT scans. In many cases the treatment plan includes: •    Pharmacologic therapy, which is based on acetaminophen or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) •    Physical therapy to reduce back pain and strengthen the muscles•    Aerobic exercises to reduce back pain through weight lossAnother important step to be taken in the diagnosis and management of acute low back pain is to create awareness in the patient, about the possible causes and preventive measures. Awareness in maintaining correct postures is to be provided so as to avoid chances of getting re-injured.The important aspect in the diagnosis and management of acute low back pain is to approach for medical advice at the right time, so that you can access proper medical aid and cure the pain at the beginning stage itself.