Red Onion {Allium cepa} is of plant family Liliaceae.The leaves and bulb are used for asthma, convulsion, hypotension, ulcers, cough, cold and skin infections. Onion bulb serves as a stimulant and expectorant. Generally antimicrobial, it is usually crushed and its juice used against skin infections and insect bites. The roasted onion or its compress is used as poultice for tumours, ulcers, earaches and piles. Juice of onion is mixed with honey in the treatment of asthma, cough, cold convulsion and hypertension. Fresh onion leaves is mostly used to eat roasted meat as a carminative and to reduce cholesterol level. Onion bulb is mostly used for flavouring and garnishing foods.



Garlic {Allium sativum} of plant family Liliaceae. The bulb is used for fevers, coughs, constipation, asthma, nervous disorders, hypertension, ulcers and skin diseases. Highly bacteriostatic, fungicidal and antihelmintic. Crushed garlic is used against microbial infection, asthma cough and respiratory problems. The juice of the bulb is given as ear drops against earaches. As a seasoning and flavouring agent, garlic is principally taken against fevers and chills. A cold infusion serves as a body wash for infants as protection against chills. The bulb also serves as effective remedy for hypertension, muscular pain, giddiness and sore eyes. It is digestive and carminative and removes pains of the bowels. When powdered with nation it is applied as a dressing on ulcers and skin diseases.

Nutmeg or mace {Myristica fragans} is of plant family Myristicaseae. The seeds are used to cure diarrhoea, rheumatic pains. Powdered seeds or decoction of the seeds are used in the treatment of diarrhoea, and as carminative, rubefacient and rheumatism. The powder of the seeds is also added as a flavouring agent to conceal the unpleasant taste or odour of several local herbal preparations.

Climbing black pepper or B pepper {Piper guineense} is of plant family Piperaceae. The fruits and leaves are used to cure vomiting, worm infestation, tonsillitis, rheumatism and stomach aches. The warm extract of the fruits are used as antivomiting and antihelmintic. Ripe fruits together with the seeds of Parica biglobosa and root bark of Rauwolfia vomitora are boiled with snail, the sauce orally taken to treat rheumatic pains. Powder from the dried fruits mixed with honey acts as carminative and relieves stomach aches. The ground formulation from the fruits of

P. guineense, Dioscorea bulbifera, Aframomum melegueta and Capsicum frutescens is mixed with aqueous extract of Citrus aurantifolia {lime} against tonsillitis. The fruits and leaves are used as spice for preparing sauce for post-partum women.

Black pepper; white pepper {Piper nigrum} is of plant family, Piperaceae. The fruits and seeds are used to cure dyspepsia, diarrhoea, cholera, piles, urinary problems, boils, rheumatism, toothaches and headaches. The fruits are highly aromatic. They are used for carminative, diuretic, diaphoretic and antiperiodic purposes. Paste made from ground seeds is applied locally against boils, rheumatic pains, headaches and toothache. Powder of the fruits is mixed with honey in the treatment of dyspepsia, debility, diarrhoea, cholera, piles and urinary tract problems. The extracts of the fruits is given as an antidote in arsenic poisoning.