By negligently discarding plastic items, especially plastic water bottles, fishing gear and plastic bags, people are unknowingly causing the deaths of millions of mammals, fish, birds and reptiles each and every year. We defile the face of the earth with plastic refuse creating waterway contamination.

Plastic, invented early in the century, has become a widely used material in a wide variety of convenient and creative applications. Plastic is used to fabricate, or package many of the items we buy or use. The problem comes when we no longer want these items and how we dispose of them, particularly the throwaway plastic material used in wrapping or packaging. Plastic is readily available, feather light and readily discarded. Too readily discarded.

Plastics are utilized because they are easy and inexpensive to manufacture, tough and long lasting. Unfortunately these same useful qualities make plastic a pollution problem. Inferior quality and low cost means plastic is readily discarded. Plastics take around 300 years to photo degrade. Its long life assures it survives in the environment for extended periods where it can do great harm. Because plastic does not easily decompose and requires high energy ultra-violet light to break down, the volume of plastic waste in the world's oceans is rapidly increasing. Plastic is now found in virtually all the oceans and rivers of the world, even the most remote and once pristine.

Oceanographer Charles Moore says the amount of toxic plastic pollution in the worlds oceans is so extensive it's beyond cleaning up. A toxic plastic graveyard double the size of Texas swirls in the waters of the Pacific between San Francisco and Hawaii. There Moore and his crew found that the water contained six parts of plastic for every part plankton, with a five times escalation in the amount of plastic between 1997 and 2007.

Annually in excess of 500 billion plastic bags are used worldwide. That is an unconscionable amount of waste, so much that more than one million bags are used every minute and their impact on the planet is devastating. Plastic bags are only part of the problem. America alone, produces in excess of 800,000 tons of plastic bottle pollution every year, and the amount is growing. World-wide the earth is defiled with over 100 million tons of plastic pollution every year.

The California Costal Commission reports that over 80 per cent of debris within waterways, most of it being plastic, originates on land rather than being generated by boats.

Plastic affects marine wildlife in deadly ways: entangling creatures and by being consumed. Turtles are particularly devastated by plastic refuse. All seven of the world's turtle species are already endangered or threatened for a multitude of reasons. Turtles become entangled in fishing nets, and many sea turtles have expired with plastic garbage bags in their stomachs. Studies indicate turtles mistake these floating semi-transparent bags for jellyfish and eat them. The turtles die an inhumane death from choking or from being unable to eat. A dead turtle found off the coast Hawaii was found to have more than 1000 pieces of plastic in its stomach including part of a comb, a toy truck wheel and lank of nylon rope.

There is considerable global concern about the longterm effect of plastic pollution on all marine mammals. These elegant creatures are already under threat for a variety of other reasons: e.g. seal and whale populations have been decimated by unregulated hunting. A recent study concluded that in excess of 100,000 marine mammals die needlessly each year from the deadly effects of plastic pollution.

Globally over 100 bird species are known to eat plastic particles. This includes 36 species found off the coast of South Africa. A recent study of blue petrel hatchlings at South Africa's remote Marion Island showed that 90% of the chicks examined had plastic in their digestive systems, apparently fed to them accidentally by their parents. South African seabirds are among the worst affected in the world. Plastics remain in the birds' stomachs, impeding digestion and causing starvation.

Scientific reports are not complete about how much plastic birds and fish are ingesting, however scientist agree that plastic toxins in seafood are likely to be harmful when eaten by humans. Plastic is compared with toxic materials such as mercury. Plastic acts like an absorbent sponge when in contact with poisons such as PCBs, concentrating them at levels that are millions of time more toxic than those found in uncontaminated in seawater.

Ingredients in plastic have been linked to cancer and reproductive abnormalities. Bisphenol A, found in plastic water bottles, has been shown to cause cancer in lab rats, to disrupt hormone levels and is associated with obesity and diabetes.

Scientists have voiced concerns that these enormous swirls of floating debris will contribute to global warming by creating a dense shade canopy that makes it difficult for plankton to grow.

Let's look at a few ways where together we can make a difference. The crisis of plastic pollution demands urgent study and action. Business should be encouraged to reduce the amount of plastic used in packaging and to recycle. Plastic wrapping and bags should be required to carry a warning label advising of the dangers of plastic pollution and shoppers should be encouraged to use earth friendly shopping bags of organic, natural materials or recycled plastic fibers. Please write and lobby our law makers. The situation only continues to escalate. We must take action now!

Support re-cycling programs and promote environmental awareness in your local community. Take a pro-active stance in asking governments to make changes and consumers to adjust their attitudes. Purchase items requiring less plastic wrapping and advise store management why we are doing so. We can speak with a loud voice when we speak with our dollars.

Hydrate by drinking tap or carbon filtered water from a glass-lined reusable container. If you do purchase plastic bottled, dispose to the container properly. Recycle.

Increasing environmental awareness points out that it is obvious that there is more that we can do to create a sustainable planet. If every one of us would take a few tiny steps, make a few different choices and consciously consider our impact on the planet, we could find a way to restore the world to its original beauty, purity and resources.