Pipeline maps are not as popular as other kinds of maps like tourist or geographic maps. But they are absolutely necessary to pipeline companies who want to have the most accurate information. Maps for pipelines present themselves under the form of thin strips. These strips are connected and make up a long chain which can include remote areas. Apart from the route of the pipeline the surveyor is also offered important information regarding features like roads and rivers, valves and pump stations.



The latest device in developing a pipeline map is GPS which provides not only accurate data but also the possibility to have an overall image of the pipeline length from beginning to end. Before we could speak of GPS, pipelines maps were made by means of three tools: a wheel, a tape and a sketchbook and a team of three surveyors. Each dealt with a separate task. They used to walk the path, register measurements and manufacture sketches along the way. All the data had to appear on the map to that it could be used efficiently.

Alternative devices were theodolites or transit which served to keeping a straight line or turning angles at important places. To these, a chain or tape to measure distances was added, and sketchbook and pencil to record the measurements and the topographic details which are essential for a pipeline map. Although these are traditional methods, some of them are still used because of their accuracy in measuring areas along the pipe. For example the wheel still develops a measurement system called slope stationing which provides a better view of the area along the pipelines.

To have a clear view of a good pipeline map, it is necessary to say that it has to include the pipe itself and most of the components of the surrounding area. These components are relatively located on maps. The distance is calculated starting from the beginning of the pipe. On pipelines maps the distance can appear in two ways: either horizontal, looking like flat earth, either in three dimensional form. The latter type of topography of features of the pipe and around the pipe is of course more accurate and reliable. It is obvious that real pipe distances which often go up and down hills are different from a distance established horizontally. It would not be totally realistic. That is why 3D maps are preferred to 2D horizontal maps.

All these details regarding the development of pipeline maps are important for those companies who want to estimate the costs of a pipeline construction project. With the help of three dimensional maps, companies can also estimate how long it takes for oil or gas to pass through pipes. The distance is an important aspect and it has to be correctly evaluated. Moreover, engineers who project and look after pipelines demand exact distance information for hydraulic calculations, drainups, line purges and other day-to-day tasks. All these aspects is what a competent pipeline map offers.

These are not the only things to deal with in developing accurate features on pipelines maps. The following step that is required refers to bring out a meaningful, standard plan and profile sheet. This calls for careful handling of measurements. They may be set off at 0 at one end of the pipeline and develop up to several thousand miles. Another possibility is to start at 0 for every highway milepost. But each company can choose its own way to station linear features.

The best idea in building a pipeline map is to be flexible. To make it clear, this means that all demands must be satisfied. Flexibility must be accompanied by as much information as possible, including details about

the pipeline and nearby features. Also, the information has to be easy to find and read. A crowded map uses more text than photo and it runs the risk of clutter and overposting. Map users usually take into consideration all these aspects when looking on strip maps.