These strategies are taught to school children all over China, Japan and probably much of the rest of Asia even today.
If you think Chinese children learn the 36 Strategies as "classic literature" the same way American children must read Mark Twain . . . you are too foolish and naive to be allowed near a serious chess tournament.
You also should never try to do business in Asia, but that's another article.
You must first of all understand that the essence of warfare is deceit. This is challenging in chess, because both players can see the entire board and all the pieces.
You must learn to make moves that advance your strategies and tactics without revealing them to your opponent until it's too late. Of course, this is easier to write than to pull off in an actual chess game.
And it does require you to work, study and plan.
Your opponent can see the chessboard -- but not what's going on inside your mind.
You must learn to use that to your advantage. It requires a mental attitude and preparation which studying the 36 Strategies can help you acquire.
Some of the strategies to adapt to your chess game include:
Surrounding Wei to Rescue Zao -- do not attack your enemy where and when he is strong. Avoid direct confrontation. Aim for their weak points.
Make the Enemy Work While You Wait at Leisure -- when you are in a weak position, delay the confrontation.
Watch the Fire Burning Across the River -- Exercise patience and allow favorable events to progress.
The Plum Tree Sacrifices for the Peach Tree -- this is an ancient stress tactic. Sacrifice a piece for the greater good of your game.
Walk the Sheep Home Just Because It Is There -- take advantage of all opportunities to gain an advantage.
Trade Your Brick for a Piece of Jade -- if you want to trade pieces to your advantage, convince your opponent your brick is worth more than their piece of jade.
Pretend to Be a Pig to Eat the Tiger -- make your enemy believe you are weak so they will attack and fall into your trap.
Be Wise But Play the Fool -- make your enemy underestimate you.
Provoke Strong Emotion -- upsetting or angering your opponent can encourage them to make mistakes. You must learn to remain calm so that you don't fall into this trap.
The Empty City -- when you are in a weak position, emphasize your vulnerability, to confuse your opponent.
Chain Links -- this simply refers to using a chain of interlinked strategies to attain your goal.
Of course, real chess masters apply tactics against their enemies away from as well as on the chess board. Boris Spassky was reportedly a master at keeping a poker face during games, so that his opponents didn't know whether he was feeling good or bad about his moves, his position or his plans.
However, Bobby Fischer made so many demands during their famous tournament that he was able to Provoke Strong Emotion.
In MORTAL GAMES: THE TURBULENT GENIUS OF GARRY KASPAROV Fred Waitzkin relates how during one of his world championship tournaments against Anatoly Karpov, Kasparov's business partner Andrew Page played a "dirty trick" to upset Karpov.
They were all flying from New York City to Lyon France. The tournament organizers had given First Class tickets to both Kasparov and Karpov and Economy class tickets to their trainers. Page bought Business Class tickets for Garry's grandmaster trainers, paying for them out of his own pocket. Karpov's group was made to feel angry and resentful of their inferior accomodations.
Later, Karpov may have gotten a blow of his own in. Gata Kamsky proposed that their chess organization change the rules so that defending world championships would have to compete to play in the world championship tournament just like all other contenders, instead of simply defending their title against the winner of the playoffs.
It was designed to make defending champion Kasparov angry, and one of his people told Waitzkin the idea probably came from Karpov who was friends with Kamsky. Gata was a teenager at the time and not likely to propose such a major rule change on his own. But if Karpov had proposed it directly, it would just have made him look bad, since he was the world's number two player and would therefore most benefit from it.
Bottom line: learn the 36 Strategies if only to recognize when your opponent tries to use one of them against you.
Win A Chess Game
What if you could play a game of chess using EVERYTHING you've ever learned?
How many chess books have you read? Games played on a computer to develop your skill? Games played against other people? How many great chess games have you analyzed? How many chess problems have you pondered and solved.
If you're serious about chess, you've read and done a lot.
Yet, haven't you ever made a move that you knew right after was far less than your actual knowledge, ability and experience? Maybe a move that was downright stupid. You gave away your queen for no good reason.
Odds are good you made such a move in your last game. The games of world championship tournaments contain such moves -- by the greatest names of chess from Bobby Fischer to Garry Kasparov. Who certainly know better.
What's even more important, during a chess game you need to think about more than the board and the positions of the pieces. You have an opponent (I'm ignoring chess against computers here -- who cares what computers think, anyway?)
A large part of winning chess is defeating your opponent. Yes, that involves chess moves. But it also involves understanding and playing against that particular person. Bobby Fischer was not kidding when he said the goal of chess was to crush your opponent's ego.
What if you could not only play the best game of chess you're capable of, but you can "read" your opponent's state of mind. Important tournaments have been won and loss by one player understanding when their opponent could be manipulated into making a mistake.
They don't tell you in words -- but it's in the muscles of their faces, the expressions in their eyes, in the slump of their body posture.
According to science, our conscious minds can detect up to 126 bits of information per second. However, our senses take in thousands more bits of information. The feel of your right buttock against your chair. The ambient room temperature. The honk of a horn two blocks away.
Your brain takes all this information in and processes it. Yes, consciously, you are thinking only about whether sacrificing your bishop will gain you an advantage 5 moves in the future. Your unconscious mind hears your opponent's breathing. Registers the tenseness of their shoulder muscles. No matter how much deodorant they're wearing, your nose detects pheromones of fear or confidence.
How can you consciously take advantage of this overload of subconscious information? What does it all add up to and mean to the game of chess you're playing?
Win Wenger, co-author of THE EINSTEIN FACTOR, invented a technique called imagestreaming.
When you practice imagestreaming, you learn to understand and access your databases of stored but subconscious information -- about chess and about your opponent. You do this by reinforcing and describing
The basic technique is simple. Get a voice-activated recorder or a person who can listen to you without talking or reacting in any way (I prefer the voice-activated recorder). Close your eyes. Start talking. Describe what you see. Don't judge or evaluate or rationalize. Just describe in concrete terms what you see. And hear. And taste. And smell. And feel.
This activity engages just about every section of your brain. It bridges not only the well-known "right brain, left brain" aspect of your brain, but the more specialized sensory cortex, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, Wernicke's Area, auditory cortex, temporal lobe, olfactory lobe and Broca's area.
Once you're practiced imagestreaming on whatever images just happen to come into your mind, you can set an intention to imagestream to learn something specific. If you learn a new chess technique today, imagestreaming about it will help install it into your memory and your game.
Before a tournament, imagestream on what parts of your chess game you most need to review. Or on your opponent or opponents. During a break or at the end of the day, imagestream on an ongoing game or your opponent. You'll be amazed at the insights that pop into your brain.
Maybe you'll remember a chess technique you read in a book 5 years ago -- and it's just what you need to win. Maybe you'll realize that your opponent is over-confident. They're unprepared and if you attack you'll throw them off balance.
Take Win Wenger's challenge. Try imagestreaming for 10 minutes a day for 10 days -- I guarantee that if you do this, you will notice changes in your ability to think, visualize and remember. It will improve your chess game and the rest of your life.
Richard Stooker has sinced written about articles on various topics from Bird Flu, Chess and Bird Flu. c 2006 by Richard StookerRead more about the world's greatest game at Richard's Chess Games blog. Richard Stooker's top article generates over 12100 views. Bookmark Richard Stooker to your Favourites.
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