How can this method prevent spyware from "calling home" with your personal information? It works by letting Windows filter the IP addresses that you place in the hosts file.
What is the host file and how does it work?
The host file resides in the Windows folder on your hard drive and it loads into system memory each time the computer is turned on. For each IP address that is placed in the hosts file, it is cross-referenced with a saved domain name.
Siince the Internet only understands numeric IP addesses, this cross-referencing with domain names is required. These translations between IP addresses and domain names reside on various Domain Name Servers (DNS) that are distributed around the Internet.
IP addresses are in the form of a block of numbers arranged in quartets as in the following example: 125.0.48.220.
They way it works is, as you enter a domain name (URL) in your browser, the first thing that happens is that your computer will check for any IP addresses that are in your hosts file. If it finds the relevant domain name, it will not bother searching the external DNS servers on the Internet.
Before there was the current high-speed connections that we use everyday to connect to the Internet with, it was quicker to find an IP address that was stored on the local computer.
Once you activate a link that is associated with Spyware, by clicking on it, or sometimes just moving the mouse over it, the Spyware in most cases attempts to "call home" back to its server somewhere on the Internet. It can then create an ad server, scrape your personal data and send it back to its server.
Since we now have faster Internet connections, the need for hosts files have just about been eliminated.
Whenever you run into a malicious domain, just add it to your hosts file, and instead of cross-referencing it to a valid IP address, translate it to a fake IP address that connects to a void inside your computer. Then the Spyware thinks it is calling home to its servers, however the call goes nowhere.
The hosts file has entries in it with the following format:
#hosts file from windows directory
127.0.0.1 localhost
123.45.67.89 testsite1.com
51.126.0.189 testsite2.com
The # sign indicates comment lines that the computer will ignore.
In using the hosts file as a Spyware or adware blocker, you will always see the localhost setting in the first line of the file.
Notice that these IP addresses are all the same: 127.0.0.1 -this points only to your own local computer.
You will also see the all of the other IP entries will have the same address as the localhost, as in the following example:
# host file from windows directory
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.1 testsite1.com
127.0.0.1 testsite2.com
When an infected webpage tries to connect your computer to testsite1.com, the browser looks up the IP address for testsite1.com, and in this situation will find it in the hosts file. Since the IP address translates to 127.0.0.1, the call cannot go out back to its server out on the Internet.
This works simply because the domain is stored on the local computer in the hosts file and Windows will not try to resolve it on the external DNS servers.
Using this methodology will also reduce the time is takes to access normal web pages since it does not have to wait for all of the ads and images to download.
This should not be used as the only solution for Spyware. It should only be used with another proven Spyware product.
The steps with this procedure are not straight-forward as one might think. You have to:
a) detect each bit of Spyware
b) look up the domain name
c) modify the hosts file for each event
It is a constant struggle because not only are companies who produce Spyware and spam are always adding new domain names.
You should not be discouraged however, since you can download very detailed hosts files from the Internet that do not have any costs associated with them. You can visit specific sites that offer this service and download their files. Just remember to constantly check and download the latest updates to these files.
You can also let an anti-spyware program do it for you, such as SpyBot. It will automatically include these problem sites in your hosts file.
For more information on hosts files, simply search on the term in Google
How To Stop Squirrels
Everyone, including you, has a tendency to procrastinate. So what exactly is procrastination? Simply put, it is when you put off something that can be done now because of laziness or carelessness. Procrastination is putting off things for another day, when it is just as easy to do them today. Many people have a tendency to put off things and then end up doing them at the very last minute or not doing them at all.
Procrastination is extremely common in students who need to complete a research project, complete a term paper or even study for an upcoming test. This is generally when the term "cram" comes into play. In order to get a good grade on the test, the student must "cram" for the exam in a short period of time, versus studying and planning for the test all along.
So why Procrastinate?
Almost everyone, at one time or another in their life, deals with procrastination. For some people, they make it a way of life or a bad habit. For others, they may only allow procrastination to affect certain areas of their life, but not their daily events. For whatever reason, people often put off things they don't want to deal with at the time.
Some reasons you procrastinate are:
One of the most common reasons people procrastinate is because they are afraid. Although no one likes to admit they are afraid of something, fear often hinders people from attempting to do things, therefore, they put them off. Whether you are afraid of succeeding or afraid of failing, it is all fear.
Another reason for procrastination is because you may not feel like it is important enough. If your task is not given a high enough priority in the beginning, then you will have a tendency to put it off. You may very well know that the task needs completed, but you simply put it off because you find other things that are more important.
You don't have the means to complete the task. In some instances, you may not have everything on hand to complete the task; therefore, you put it off. This may be the result of your inability to do all of the research and collect the needed data or you just don't feel like putting the time needed to finish the task.
Some other reasons people procrastinate are: you have not completely committed yourself to the project, you are extremely busy, you are lazy or you simply don't want to do it.
How to change the behavior:
Now that you have a better understanding of why you tend to procrastinate or did you procrastinate and decide to read that section later? You cannot expect that you will quit procrastinating if you do not have an understanding why you do it in the first place. Therefore, it is important to take a good look at why you put things off. This is the first step in learning how you can change this behavior.
Below are a few strategies that can help you to stop procrastinating. Not everyone will benefit from every tip. Therefore, be sure to try a variety of different steps until you find one that works well for you.
Create a list. If you create a list of all the reason you procrastinate and how you procrastinate, then you will be able to see that you are definitely putting things off. By creating a list of clues, you can then pinpoint your behavior and get a better grip on it.
Eliminate procrastination myths. "I work well under pressure." Once you begin to believe that you work best under pressure, then you are simply giving yourself permission to indeed procrastinate. "I cannot do this unless it is perfect." Keep in mind that achieving perfection is nearly impossible.
Break down the job. If you have a large job to do, you may believe you will never get it accomplished. Therefore, why even begin on the project? In order to overcome this mindset, you must break the jobs into smaller, more manageable tasks that you can accomplish.
Change your attitude. If you have a negative attitude, you are more likely to tell yourself that a task is disgusting, extremely difficult or you simply will not like doing it. It is simple mind over matter. If you believe that you can do something, then you truly can.
Ask for help. Many people believe that asking for help is a true sign of weakness. In reality, asking for help is a sign of strength. Knowing that you need help and obtaining the correct help, with make getting the job done a lot easier.
Some other tips include: Keep things that need to be done or accomplished in your line of vision. Keep to a strict schedule. Eliminate any distractions.
It is human nature to procrastinate. We all want to avoid things that are unpleasant, while seeking out things that leave us feeling good. Making a conscious effort to determine why you procrastinate will help you to change the behavior. Don't expect miracles though. Change will take time. Begin by taking baby steps and eventually, you will see dramatic results.
Both David Digennaro & Kevin Sinclair are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.
David Digennaro has sinced written about articles on various topics from Computers and The Internet. David DiGennaro has been involved in the computer industry for over 35 years. The past 15 years has been spent in the "protection business" within Information Security. For addtional information on protecting your online business as well as your family vi. David Digennaro's top article generates over 1000 views. Bookmark David Digennaro to your Favourites.
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