Engineering Basics: By definition, Engineers apply the theories and principles of science and mathematics to the economical solution of practical technical problems. The work of an engineer deals with the relationship of scientific discovery and its application to the world around us. Engineers design and develop and improve many things we use.



In addition to design and development, many engineers work in testing, manufacturing or repairs. They supervise production in factories, determine the causes of breakdowns, and test manufactured products to maintain quality. People who work in engineering do all kinds of jobs.

Some people work in design, which is generally done on computers, and others actually make things in a more hands on environment. Another job segment to the engineering field is the people who make business decisions and deals or who do research ingenious new ways of designing and building things.

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People who work in engineering do all kinds of jobs. The majority of engineers concentrate in a specific area such as structural and transportation engineering, which is part of civil engineering and materials engineering.

Engineers also may specialize in one industry, such as aerospace, computer, or medical. The following are more in-depth explanations of various engineering disciplines:

Mechanical engineering is one of the broadest of all disciplines. Mechanical engineers research, develop, design, manufacture, and test tools, engines, machines, and other mechanical devices.

They work on power-producing machines such as electric generators, internal combustion engines, and steam and gas turbines, as well as power-using machines such as refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, machine tools, material handling systems, elevators and escalators, industrial production equipment, and robots used in manufacturing.

If a machine has moving parts that work together to produce power - it's likely that a mechanical engineer designed it. They also design tools used by engineers in other specialties and work in emerging fields like nanotechnology.

Mechanical engineers may work in production operations in manufacturing or agriculture, maintenance, or technical sales; many are administrators or managers.

It has been said that mechanical engineering is where the power is.

Civil engineers work in the public interest on projects that impact public health and safety. Some specialize in environmental engineering, focusing on protecting the water supply, or finding safer ways to process human and chemical waste.

Others specialize in construction, or in designing roads, bridges, airports and urban transit systems. Civil engineers design and supervise the construction of roads, buildings, airports, tunnels, dams, bridges, and water supply and sewage systems.

Theses engineers have to take in to account many factors in their design process. They are responsible for calculating construction costs, expected lifetime of a project, government regulations and potential environmental hazards to their projects such as earthquakes.

Civil engineering is one of the oldest engineering disciplines and includes many specialties. The chief specialties are structural, water resources, construction, environmental, transportation, and geotechnical engineering.

Many civil engineers hold supervisory or administrative positions, from supervisor of a construction site to city engineer.

Biomedical engineers develop mechanisms and procedures that solve medical and health-related problems by using knowledge of biology and medicine with engineering principles and practices.

Many do research, along with life scientists, chemists, and medical scientists, to develop and evaluate systems and products such as artificial organs, prostheses, pharmaceuticals and medical information systems.

Most engineers in this specialty need a sound background in another engineering specialty, such as mechanical or electronics engineering, in addition to specialized biomedical training.

Some specialties within biomedical engineering include biomaterials, biomechanics, medical imaging, rehabilitation engineering, and orthopedic engineering.

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Work Environment

Engineering professionals work in various settings such as office buildings, laboratories, or industrial plants. Some may also work outdoors at construction sites and oil and gas exploration sites. Some engineers travel extensively to plants or worksites. Engineers work a standard 40-hour week, but longer hours can be expected to meet deadlines.

Education Requirements

A bachelors degree is the minimum requirement for entry-level engineering jobs.

Most engineering degrees are granted in electrical, electronics, mechanical, or civil engineering. Many programs also include courses in general engineering. A design course, sometimes accompanied by a computer or laboratory class or both, is part of the curriculum of most programs.

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