Part of my job as a project manager is to help teach team members to be responsible for improving their ability to manage their time, as well as schedule their own work. Additionally, I'm often the one who directly reviews their work, making adjustments to the project schedule along the way.
The "80/20 Trap" is one of the biggest pitfalls for team members new to scheduling and managing their own time.
Before continuing, I have to explain that I work with software developers. What I'm going to describe is my experience working with software developers, but is also something that other project and time managers can apply to their own situation or projects.
A common application of the 80/20 rule in software is described in these terms: "For any software task, the last 20% of the work takes up to 80% of the total time for the task".
I'm not sure that's a proper application of the 80/20 Rule (Pareto Principle), but it seems to hold true in many cases because there is often a level of polish and usability testing after a feature is complete. This polish and usability testing often takes more time than anyone expects even as much as 4x the time to create the original feature (thus the 80/20 rule).
Creating a separate schedule for polish time and usability testing is the smart thing to do, but some managers forget to do it. Even if the project manager does schedule these two sets of work separately from feature development, the programmer will still often need more time than expected to simply debug or clean up his feature for the polish/usability testing phase.
So think about this with me for a moment.
With this new understanding, you and I both know now that when a programmer claims to be 80% done with a feature, he's going to need more than 20% of the total time to finish is work. Taking 4 out of 5 scheduled days to do 80% of the work means that the programmer is late and unlikely to finish the feature within the next day.
Being a programmer or managing programmer can be difficult jobs. If the team does not understand the 80/20 rule, then it's almost certain that the project will repeatedly miss its delivery day.
Needless to mention, it's always best to point out the "80/20 Trap" when a programmer, or anyone, falls into it. Understanding that the last 20% of the work can take 80% of the total task time, makes it critical to address it as soon as possible.
In the situations where no one called out the "80/20 Trap", quality issues and problems just pile up on themselves each day that passes, making it even harder on everyone involved. Suffice to say, it's always best to address the issues as early as possible.
Beyond software, I think the idea of the "80/20 Trap" is useful to understand for all types of projects and can easily be adopted to them. Project and team size doesn't matter, the principle scales, even if it's just you managing your own time and a personal project.
Project And Time Management
Employees in today's high stress workplace, where longer hours and fewer vacations have become the norm, should get up and get out of the office for at least five minutes every few hours. My expertise comes from years of business consulting, authoring "Time Management Secrets for Working Women", and my coaching practice.
If the boss won't let you take a five-minute vacation from your desk, then take a five-minute vacation in your mind. Turn your attention away from work for a mini, non-work related "vacation" of five minutes and you will reduce your level of stress and come back to work refreshed and refocused.
In my book, Time Management Secrets for Working Women, I describe employees increasingly turning to go-to help from books and Web sites in order to obtain help through a 40-hour work week that is approaching 50 hours for many full-time workers. The success of this book to both a male and female audience pushed it ahead of it's own marketing schedule by two years and resulted in a second printing.
Cell phones, email and other modern technologies can streamline work day tasks, but more often work to sabotage overworked employees who tie themselves to the 24/7 availability of such devices. I'm always surprised by clients who check their email immediately upon waking up and answer every cell phone call at any time of the day.
Unless you're a doctor or in another profession requiring 24/7 attention, turn off your cell phone and resolve to answer it only at two scheduled times of the day. Lack of control is a huge factor in workplace stress. You will always have an enormous incoming workload, but you will also always be able to control how you respond to it.
I advise my coaching clients to not check email immediately upon waking up, but rather after making a to-do list for the day and then circling two, and only two tasks to accomplish first. You will absolutely feel overwhelmed if you write down a list of 10 or 20 assignments. Deliberately choosing to focus on completing only two tasks (and not the rest of the huge list) will keep you stabilized throughout the day. Don't get addicted to the sound of the Pavlov's dog bell of incoming email. Only check it at pre-scheduled times. Constantly checking your email can rob you of time and distract you from the tasks in front of you.
Two recent studies confirm my campaign to persuade employers to become more proactive in recognizing workplace stress and allowing employees an adequate number of breaks, fewer all-employee meetings and other practices that often serve to only exacerbate daily stress levels.
A recent study from the University of California-Irvine reports a direct link between overwork and high blood pressure, and another study from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health reports that workplace stress can be contagious.
Employers concerned about the high cost of health care should take note that workplace stress can take a huge physical toll on their workers. Workforce productivity affects the bottom line, but the stress that generates it can be both contagious and threaten that very bottom line. Employers and managers who lose control can, in turn, face the same major ingredient for high stress.
Employers should encourage more defined work breaks to create an atmosphere that will allow employees to step back from their desks a few times each day, and to earn a day off with no strings attached. Is every meeting productive? Consider shortening the length and numbers of meetings to allow employees to focus on immediate tasks without distractions that can add to their stress.
Both Michael Adams & Ruth Klein are contributors for EditorialToday. The above articles have been edited for relevancy and timeliness. All write-ups, reviews, tips and guides published by EditorialToday.com and its partners or affiliates are for informational purposes only. They should not be used for any legal or any other type of advice. We do not endorse any author, contributor, writer or article posted by our team.
Michael Adams has sinced written about articles on various topics from Time Management Skills, Marketing and The Internet. For more tips and hints about time management, make sure you claim your copy of Michael Adams' excellent free expert guide on tips for managing your time and. Michael Adams's top article generates over 60500 views. Bookmark Michael Adams to your Favourites.
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