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The Big Four Accounting

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Collis Huntington, Leland Stanford, Charles Crocker and Mark Hopkins, better known to history as the "Big Four," were instrumental in building the Central Pacific Railroad and developing California's railroad system in the years between 1861 and 1900. Of modest origins, all were born or had lived in upstate New York prior to being drawn West by the Gold Rush. Huntington and Hopkins were partners in a hardware company; Stanford operated a grocery business with his brothers; and Crocker was a dry goods merchant. Prosperous by 1860, they all supported the presidential candidacy of Abraham Lincoln and the new Republican Party when called together by Theodore Judah to hear his idea for a railroad to the East. The start of the Civil War prompted their active involvement, and they invested every energy in building the western part of the first transcontinental railroad.



The greatest historical event in transportation on the continent occurred at Promontory, Utah, on May 10, 1869, as the Union Pacific tracks joined those of the Central Pacific Railroad.

Leland Stanford, Collis P. Huntington, Charles Crocker and Mark Hopkins were the “Big Four” that conceived this enterprise and brought it to a successful ending after years of daily struggle that would have exhausted the patience and spirit of ordinary men. Huntington looked after the financing of the company. Crocker, with his tremendous energy, forced the construction of rails over the snow-crested Sierra and across the burning deserts of Nevada and Utah. Stanford kept his energies on the main points leading to success, and Hopkins saw that none of the money was wasted. That pioneer railroad line of the middle '60s formed the basis of the gigantic Southern Pacific system.

The connection of the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific bridged the 2000 miles to the Missouri River, and the four to six months time taken by the overland pioneers was reduced to six days. At once the Pacific States were transformed, and Western life gradually caught up with the life and aspirations of the East.

A transcontinental railroad had been dreamed of as early as 1836. From time to time it was suggested by visionaries and discussed by the orators and newspapers of the '40s and '50s. In 1853 Congress expended $150,000 in hunting a feasible route. Surveys were made from time to time. The California Legislature took a hand in the issue in 1855-6, fearing that Congress might relax its energies, and urged a speedy construction of a railroad, but the jealousy of politicians delayed the initiative. Meanwhile short line railroads were developing in the Middle West. Some of these united, and systems began to develop.

Leland Stanford is generally given credit for the initiative in starting the enterprise. In passing the store of Collis P. Huntington in Sacramento, one day, he noticed one of the huge freight wagons being loaded for the arduous haul over the Sierra into Nevada. Traffic was developing rapidly, and he realized that a better carrier and faster service was demanded. He and Huntington talked the matter over. Mark Hopkins and Charles Crocker were drawn into the discussion; they all agreed that the time had come for a railroad connection with the East. Theodore Judah, for whom Judah Street is named, had surveyed a route over the Sierra and had interested Stanford in its practicability. He was sent for, and backed with money to go over several surveyed routes known and select the best one. Meanwhile, the corporation organized with Leland Stanford as president, C.P. Huntington as vice-president, and Mark Hopkins as treasurer. Charles Crocker was a leading direction, and the spirit of dominant energy in pressing construction through and over all obstruction. Eventually the Big Four controlled a far-flung network of railroad enterprises which gave them enormous wealth and political power. Admired and detested as the West's first "Railroad Kings," they left a legacy of railroad development which still influences transportation and politics in California.
The Big Four Accounting
Business credit reports are essential to a business, because it is how creditors and lenders check to see if a company is worthy of borrowing money. Also, it can be used to learn about companies and see if doing business with them would be a good investment. Because of this, having good business credit is essential to the success of your business.

There are four major companies that are responsible for rating and keeping track of your credit: Experian Business, Equifax business, Dun & Bradstreet, and Credit.net. These agencies check the size and type of your business, the length of time that you've been in business, your debt payment and creditor history, the number of trades you have, and your total outstanding debt to determine your credit rating and calculate your business credit score. This score can be any number from 0 to 100, and anything about 80 is known as ?excellent? credit in the business world.

Dun & Bradstreet was founded in 1841. They are the leader in business credit reporting, and have a database including over 100 million companies around the world. Their rating classification of a business's worth is based on submitting financial statements, the number of employees, and what is known as a Composite Credit Appraisal. This last report ultimately is Dun & Bradstreet's assessment of overall credit rating. Dun & Bradstreet is responsible for setting the standard for business credit ratings with the PAYDEX score. The PAYDEX score is the number given to a business that indicates how well bills have been paid and debts have been maintained over the course of one year. For more information about the Dun & Bradstreet rating and scores, you can search the internet for publications and explanations.

Equifax is a leader in consumer credit ratings. Although the company was established in 1899 as a consumer credit agency, they started expanding to commercial and business credit rating and services in the United States and Canada soon after opening. The Equifax business credit report looks at businesses? banking and leasing information, as well as trade credit information. By being a commercial credit agency, Equifax touts itself as standing out above the rest by providing this banking and leasing information that other companies don't have. However, only members of the program can actually access the Equifax credit reports and exchanges.

The Equifax report has a Credit Risk Score that is reported based on the credit history over a 12 month period that is monitored in the Equifax Small Business Enterprise database. By using trade credit, Equifax makes their reports a little different, and more thorough than other companies. The scores can be anywhere between 101 and 992, and the higher they are, the better the credit rating, which is typical. Equifax can even combine consumer reports with business credit information, and you can find a sample of these reports by visiting Equifax ePort.

Experian is a relatively new company, founded in 1980 in the UK. They also started as a consumer credit reporting agency, but then expanded to handling business credit transactions, and claims to have connections with over 18 million companies currently. Experian Business offers five different reports for business credit: a snapshot with basic information, a comprehensive report, a monthly monitoring report, and a report of the company's legal matters. Experian offers a score rating system similar to PAYDEX known as Intelliscore. They use statistics and analysis in the form of algorithms to determine a credit score between 0 and 100. Check out Experian's Smart Business Reports if you're interested in more information on what to expect from an Experian report.

Credit.net, formerly Business Credit USA, only does commercial credit reporting. They don't require subscriptions to access company information, and they have a convenient, simple web-based interface. You do need to be signed up to access detailed credit reports and information. Also, the site offers sample reports, a free trial (72 hours), and 25 free business reports, which you can sign up for at www.credit.net.

A business credit report is a great tool for building and growing your business, as well as making relationships and determining which companies to make relationships with. You can use these reports to assess business to business transactions, as well as just to check up on companies you work with.

The credit agencies listed in this article are at the top of the industry in business credit reporting. They focus on putting the most effort into preparing and maintaining business credit profiles, to make your job much easier and allow you to focus on growing your business.
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Brain Haley has sinced written about articles on various topics from Keyboard Synthesizer, Classroom Management and Marketing and Communications. Courtesy: Flash Term papers Also available on: http://www.flashpapers.com/main/research-papers/the-big-four.html. Brain Haley's top article generates over 1300 views. Bookmark Brain Haley to your Favourites.

Searchrankpros has sinced written about articles on various topics from Home Improvement, Medicine and Scooter. United Business Credit can help you build up to $250,000 in Business Credit without any personal credit or guarantees. We can also help you get. Searchrankpros's top article generates over 823000 views. Bookmark Searchrankpros to your Favourites.
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